'Namely' can also be used when redefining a term, as a substitute for “i.e.”: The study may have other limitations, but these are the main ones. “This study has several limitations, namely the small sample size and retrospective study design.”.That is, there are many cell cycle regulators, but these four groups are particularly important. “There are many cell cycle regulators, namely cyclins, CDKs, CKIs, and checkpoint proteins.”.This word is useful when presenting a list that highlights the major or most important aspects of something: “At the end of the meeting, the faculty returned to their respective offices.”.“The OD600 values for bacterial growth in the 20☌, 25☌, 30☌, and 37☌ groups were 0.5, 0.6, 0.9, and 0.7, respectively, at 2 hours, but all cultures reached saturation at 8 hours.”įinally, be sure not to confuse 'respectively' with 'respective,' which is an adjective meaning 'separate':.If 'respectively' comes in the middle of a sentence, it should be both preceded and followed by a comma: This sentence does not include a second list that corresponds to the values listed and defines their differences. NOT "The OD600 values for bacterial growth were 0.5, 0.6, 0.9, and 0.7, respectively.”.This statement could otherwise be written as “The OD600 values for bacterial growth were 0.5 in the 20☌ group, 0.6 in the 25☌ group, 0.9 in the 30☌ group, and 0.7 in the 37☌ group.” This term should always be used for parallel lists (i.e., two lists with the same number of items), where every item in the first list corresponds to the item with the same position in the second list: Here are some examples of how to use these terms correctly: Respectively The words 'respectively' and 'namely' are very useful when providing specific information to the reader, but each is frequently misused.
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